Having taken Japanese for a semester and having learned the rudimentary basics of the language, it's time that I start analyzing the construction and style of the language in more depth. One interesting element of Japanese is its use of an entirely different writing system, Katakana, for certain words and phrases. Katakana is explained in a variety of ways, but most textbooks state that it is primarily used for foreign names and loan words. Words such as ハンバーガー (hamburger) or アレックス (Alex), which obviously don't have an existing Japanese translation, are almost always written in Katakana. In addition, a number of textbooks mention that Katakana is also used to express onomatopoeia. For example, a sheep makes the sound バーバー (Baa Baa). Finally, those textbooks that emphasize more of the cultural side of Japanese recognize that Katakana is often used to emphasize specific words or to make the writing look sophisticated, modern, or cool. The differences in the textbook explanations probably stem from differences in the authors' perspective on the Japanese language, or differences in opinion on what is important to teach beginning Japanese students.
To show specifically how Katakana is used in actual Japanese writing, I'll now give a couple of examples. First, the March 3, 2008 cover of ViVi Magazine contains the Katakana word
ガールボヘミアン, which is presumable translated as Girl Bohemian. While it is true that these are both loanwords from English, it seems that the primary purpose in using this Katakana was to make the model seem more modern and fashionable. In addition to their connection to Western culture and fashion, the Katakana characters themselves are sleeker and look more forceful than those of Hiragana, giving the words a more powerful look. This further adds to the appeal of using Katakana, especially in popular culture media. For a second example, I analyzed an online article from Asahi Shinbun from February 12, 2012. The article uses the Katakana スマートフォン (smart phone) as it discusses new technology. In this case, the use of Katakana is motivated purely by the fact that there is no logical existing translation for smart phone in Japanese. The author of the article used Katakana to discuss new technology that was popularized in the West and so was given an English name. While this second example of Katakana is perhaps more straightforward than the first, it represents a much more common usage of Katakana, and so is also worth analyzing. There are obviously innumerable examples of Katakana throughout the Japanese language, but hopefully these two examples serve to foster discussion on the interesting and changing role of Katakana.